Stemma Machinarum

Model · gpt2-xl

GPT-2 XL (1.5B)

Developer: OpenAI
Availability: available · checked 2026-09-24 · source

Raw record: /data/models/gpt2-xl.json

Fields

id
gpt2-xl
identifiers
huggingface
openai-community/gpt2-xl
gpt2-xl
developer
OpenAI
release_date
2019-11recorded · source
weights_status
open
availability
available · checked 2026-09-24 · source
license
Modified MIT Licenserecorded · source
architecture
family
decoder_only
n_layers
48recorded · source
hidden_size
1600recorded · source
n_heads
25recorded · source
vocab_size
50257recorded · source
positional_encoding
learned_absoluterecorded · source
note:  GPT-2 paper says the model 'largely follows the details of the OpenAI GPT model'; it is the GPT-1 paper that states 'learned position embeddings'. Code: wpe table in modeling_gpt2.py.
context_length
1024recorded · source
normalization
LayerNorm, pre-norm (at the input of each sub-block) plus a final LayerNormrecorded · source
activation
GELU (tanh approximation, config 'gelu_new')recorded · source
note:  GELU choice stated in the GPT-1 paper, which GPT-2 follows.
ffn_hidden_size
6400recorded · source
note:  Config n_inner is null; code defaults to 4 x hidden size.
training_data
WebText: ~8M documents scraped from outbound links on Reddit posts with karma >= 3. Not publicly released as a dataset dump.partial · source
techniques
transformer-decoder
byte-pair-encoding
primary_sources
https://cdn.openai.com/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf
https://openai.com/research/better-language-models
https://github.com/openai/gpt-2
https://huggingface.co/openai-community/gpt2-xl
record_history
date:2026-09-24 · change:created from primary sources (paper, GitHub repo, HF config.json) · by:wilson-pruitt + claude ·
date:2026-09-24 · change:positional-encoding source corrected to GPT-1 paper; normalization, activation, ffn width added (narrative/exercises/01-gpt2-xl-vs-mistral-7b.md) · by:wilson-pruitt + claude ·
date:2026-09-24 · change:availability checked and recorded · by:wilson-pruitt + claude ·

Parents

Training data

Children

Design

Read in